Professor Yi Zhongtian we speak, in the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius and
Confucianism,UGGs, represented by the Mozi Mohist are represented by Abraham bad music
at that time the social state of collapse dissatisfaction centered on how to , the two
launched a Confucius put forward a So Mo and out of the then society, what kind of
prescription? His prescription work? Professor Yi Zhongtian, Xiamen University, guest
Lecture series for you about the Department of Early Qin Confucianism and dispute
contending Episode II )
Now we are talking about the social prescriptions for the Mo, but Mo himself said these
words, Mo is a medical claim, and the culture of our nation has a tradition called
country Mo said, will be chaos, he was able to rule. Then he said he had a word, he
said, Why he is ill, the patient he was not sure why the sick, he can not cure the
disease. Therefore Mo Tzu, in his Then it is another war between nations, between the
home and family, where the home is the doctor's home, between home and family with each
other plunder, and people do hurt each other, this is the symptom of a disease. So why
have this disease society like? This is to find the cause, the cause is that the king
is not Mo Hui, Chen infidelity, the parent has not been kind, filial son. He is
heartless to do what benefits the monarch, the father does not love, infidelity
courtiers do, do not filial son, so the only country phase of attack, relative to usurp
family, of people's thieves. This is a superficial reason, since the root causes of Mo
that is not love, after all is not love between people, no love. Father does not love
his son to harm the interests of the son of their own fat and do not love the father
son, father to harm the interests of their own fat and do not love Chen Jun, Chen harm
the interests of their own fat, so Robinson not Aijun, damage the interests of Jun fat
themselves. All in all because we do not love each other, and all of them selfish, this
is the root cause. Pathology shown what is it? He is the strong bullying the weak,
people bully him more than a small man, rich bully that he had no money, the standing
of his position to bully that did not, smart bully that he is stupid The. All in all,
the jungle, this is the social pathologies. Since it is a society like this how to do
it? Right medicine for what we lack. So now the world's missing is love, make up what
is it? Make love. How that happens? Love others as yourself, this is called what? And
love, referred to as universal love. Expand for three sentences, others see their
family as family, look at other people's body like a look at their body. Someone else's
body with his body, I will hurt others? Not. Someone else's family with their home, I
will hurt someone else's home? Not. Someone else's country and my country, I will hurt
someone else's country? Will not. Therefore, only universal love, peace and harmony.
Theoretically speaking the words is justifiable, the question is do you? Mozi also
guessed that we can not do, so he answered himself, he said do it.
(voice-over: Mozi society at that time the country was the result of the phase of
attack, the home relative to usurp, a thief of people's problems stems from people not
in love with each other, and to solve these problems, we should calls on the whole The
argument then?)
how to prove it do it? Mo facts and truth, ideas, doing experiments, how the facts, he
said, some people say ah you this universal love nice, but doing it too hard, Mo said
how difficult it? Folder under his arm is like a Tarzan fly past? So difficult? You say
no one do that? I tell you people do, and Yu did, Shang Tang King did, did emperor,
King Wu did it, how to do the same? This is called the facts.
reason, Mo said, I tell you to do is good, why? Does not pay you, why do you not? This
is called reasonable.
third it, ideas, how ideas it? Calling the shots. Ruler as long as you take the lead in
universal love, universal love everyone. Mo said that universal love how hard it is to
love others Well, people love it so difficult to do than hungry hard? Harder than the
clothes you wear ugly? Given their lives harder to do than jump through hoops? But such
a thing as long as the monarch to take the lead or command, some people do. For
example, Chu King Ling is like slender waist, and to say that he is not like the woman
is slender waist, including the slender waist of his men but also including those of
his courtiers, he likes to slender people who want to slim, long big belly was too fat
can not do government, how the results of what? Chu those hungry people officer,
leaning towards a wall, when to go, this is not done it? Fearless king, the king like
the Warriors, the results of his soldiers were following a fall. Two sentences on the
left was called the As long as you do people take the lead in the leadership of
universal love, universal love the whole country, called ideas.
but we talked about earlier, that Mo is a physicist and engineers, scientists, ah,
scientists not only to reason, scientists do experiments, using scientific experiment
to convince you. Mo to do experiments, he said, let's do an experiment, for example, we
now have two scholars, it is the idea of a universal love, one is against universal
love, this person wanted to claim universal love, ah, I To look at other people like
looking at himself, I treat my friends like to treat myself as my friend was hungry,
I'll eat my friend, my friend who cold, I gave him to wear, my friend sick, I give him
to the hospital, my friend died, I went to bury him, because I have advocated universal
love. Another person that it is not in favor of universal love, he said, how could my
friends see me the same? So hungry friends, he does not give food, friends, he did not
give cold wear, friends do not give medical treatment to his patients, friends, not to
bury his dead. Two, right, are like this performance. Well, he said that if one day you
want to go away, you take your family, your wife and children entrusted to a friend,
you prefer? Is the election that advocates universal love of it, or to vote against the
universal love that's it? Do not ask it, who would choose it, is not universal love of
the ah? If we do not believe we'll do an experiment. Two king, one is advocating
universal love, one is not in favor of universal love, and advocated universal love of
the monarch and his people hungry and will eat him, and cold to wear them, and ill
treatment he died, he and buried. Another monarch his people not to eat that he was
hungry, cold, not to wear, not to ill treatment, is not dead and buried. Chaos, if we
want to choose a king, we have come to cast a vote if we vote who? Well the truth is
too simple, of course, is universal love of the thing, universal love Okay, universal
love a friend Well, obtain support of universal love Well, universal love with people
Well, why not Universal Love it? We look at this idea ah Mo, I think called eloquent,
impermeable to water. Also spoke truth, the facts are put out, but also out of ideas,
experiments done, you have no reason why not? Mozi's doctrine came out so popular the
world, get the support of many, many people, that overshadowed the Confucian thunder.
This time Mojia challenges to consider themselves eligible for the Confucianists Le.
(voice-over: the core idea of universal love is one of Mohist, love, and Mo has a
strong exposition and persuasive Mohism at the time was fast, and become a strong rival
of Confucianism, the idea that Confucianism and what the two different Mo and Mo Zi and
how the criticism of Confucius and Confucianism it?)
result, Child to talk to Mo Ma Wu said, how do you say? You, sir, that is universal
love the world, you say universal love to the whole world will love, which will benefit
the people, all you say, but how the situation really like? President, you'd universal
love the world, seen the world who love you, ah. I do not love the world, have not seen
the whole world upon me ah. That means you Mohist prescription, but for me the
Confucian prescription Ye Hao, we have not got sick ah governance, power Jiewei to, we
do not succeed ah. Since we do not succeed, how can you say you are right, I was wrong?
Mo how do you say? Mo said that a fire like that now, there are houses on fire, one
person, one looking at the fire, and took a fire went out, and saw a man on fire,
holding a handful of water went, and the results of the holding water to the people who
did not fire off, fire the people who did not take the fire burned more, they are not
successful, do you agree that the holding of fire, or take the water? Wu Ma son said
that I certainly agree to take the water of the Well, Mo said, so ah, I agree Well I am
against you. This means to say that you love it Confucian was arson, arson, I Mohist
universal love is the fire. We Confucianism and the two called? Fire and ice, you are
fire, water, I ah. As a Mohism of Confucianism, but a serious challenge, the problem is
too much. So after Mozi important representative of the Confucian Mencius II outraged,
denouncing the School, and all very heavy, how do you say? Mo is a beast that has,
you're a beast.
the things we wonder ah, you see the two of them right doctor to doctor, Confucius said
that looked sick because of this social ill is not love, Mozi doctor said that the
reasons for this social ill is not love, Confucius said, prescription treatment is
love, Mozi also said prescription treatment is love, this is not the same thing, how do
they do not mix it? And even if you curse at different point of view that does not mean
that animal ah, people who love each other the idea of how the world is a beast it? How
is the beast out? This is odd, then we find the reasons why? Lies in the Confucian idea
of love and the love of Mohist claim is not the same, although they have advocated for
love, but not the same love of law, not the same as in the place? Not the same as in
the Confucian love is love, love what is it? Charity is a difference, there are levels
of love, because love is the starting point of this theory affection, that is, between
the blood of people feeling that he thinks this thing is the most reliable, thicker
than water. And this thing is a natural, no proof, no education, love their parents,
children, brothers, sisters. And then to expand that range, the parents love their
Church, cousins, church children, then, that you then expand the scope of family love
their parents, family children, brethren, is the last name. And then expand the scope a
little, love hometown elders,UGG boots, fellow. And then expand the scope a little,
love their own country. Better then a little love, to ethnic minorities and foreigners.
Of ethnic minorities, barbarians, ah, because Confucius is China Well, Huaxia Well,
there are many minorities around. Yi called the east, south, called Man, the west
called the Rong, Di is called the north, and later the Huns and the like. This is a
family, and family as the core radiated love, then love it the radiation decreased the
degree of it Well, gentlemen, school physics will know that it is certainly reduced the
intensity, the more edge to reduce no. So the Chinese have a system like five, five is
it? This affinity is determined, given this relationship, the more estranged the less
love you give, then you die a little more of this etiquette thing, it is about this
thing. Therefore, the Confucian system hierarchy, this is all we have to remember,
caste system. Mohists is no distinction between the love of love, no level of love, all
the people whether you are a Chinese national, or their families, or ethnic minorities,
or foreign, of course, is that foreigners may own Well Mo, have the possible that the
same love, equality,UGG boots cheap, love, this is called universal love. So a part-
word, draw a Mohism two boundaries.
(voice-over: Professor Yi Zhongtian and Mo both believe that the cause is because the
community was . Confucian benevolence pay attention to set affinity, not poor, there
are levels of love. The idea of universal love Mohist love is no difference, the
fundamental ideological differences between the two is that a is the need of love,
universal love, or need to do?)
Mo say and not love, you love others if not equal, there is no love. There is no
reason? Makes sense, reason in what areas? Love is selfless. Love must be selfless,
once you have private for no love, is certainly no love. Mo have on this issue once and
Confucian debate, of course, we can not ascertain that Mo is really a debate with
others, or when writing articles designed Mo debate, whom debate? Or Wu Ma son. The
child talk to Mo Ma said Wu, said Mr advocated universal love, non-discriminatory, non
-hierarchical love, this I can not do. Zou people I love more than love more people
certainly, Zou country where? State of Zou Zou County of Shandong in the present, the
home of Mencius, Lu is very near from, Lu's neighbor countries. Zhejiang Yue in the
present, all the way, all the way to that country Why I love it, ah, next door, I'm
sure to love it. I love my country more than love Zou Yue, Lu I love more than the
person I love Zou country, because my own country, of course I love more than love of
foreign nationals Well. So I love my fellow more than I love people in general, that
fellow is my hometown ah. I love my family, that person will more than one fellow I
would more than love, I love my parents, I love my family more than the people, and
finally I love myself, I more than love of parents. Why? Because the closer the more I
love Well, is not it? Someone hit me, it hurts me, playing someone else, I do not it
hurts. Their primary concern with me what other people do, why not relieve the pain of
my own to go to help others? I am sick ah! So I announced that I can only selfish, I
can not self-sacrifice. This is the child of Mo Zi Ma Wu say, Mozi After listening, I
want to ask, sir, for this idea is hidden in the stomach, or ready to publish it? Wu Ma
son think that, since I was a doctrine, claim, why hide in the stomach? I have
published, why should I hide in the stomach? Mo said, well, you're dead. Why dead? You
claim that a published, your claims is to say, I can only selfish, I can not self-
sacrifice, right, this is your idea. After you made us what will happen? Two views:
yes, no. He said that is not, of course, is the logic of Mozi, to talk clearly to my
logic there is a third, not in favor nor against it. Mo said, however, there are only
two options, one in favor of an opposition. In favor of the people what will happen?
Proponents say that you witch MA right Well, for ah, is to seek benefits for itself,
not self-sacrifice, who am I self-sacrifice, I selfish, but I'll damage you benefit
myself, because you are someone, you witch horse child is someone else , right? So
there is a favor your ideas, there is a man who kills you to benefit yourself, you have
ten people in favor of the idea, there are ten people to kill you benefit yourself and
the world people are in favor of your idea, you benefit the world people are killing
themselves You are dead. There is not opposed to it? Against what will happen?
Necromantic delusions, it can spread such remarks, but also let it spread, what public
opinion? Killed him. So you have an objection, there is a man who kills you, ten people
against you, you have to kill ten people, people of the world is against you, the world
people are killing you. The end result is it? People of the world, whether in favor or
against you you have to kill you, you're not dead?
Mozi is a physicist, engineer, scientist, logician, Mohist School is the first study of
logic, he stresses the logical reasoning. Since you reasoning, reasoning that I have,
I'll see you Mozi this reasoning right. Right? I think the half and half wrong. Which
half of it? First half of the pair. Indeed, we can not stand selfish, selfish is indeed
the result of damage to each person, including advocating selfish people, as Mo said,
you may want to claim the first to be selfish is your loss because you are someone, you
Anyone who is someone, anyone on the other people are people, and therefore we can not
stand selfish. The result of selfish people is absolutely the whole world is hurt, this
reasoning is correct. But right after the half, then half why not it? First, you can
not criminalize free speech, ah, you can not stand selfish people took that to kill
people, people do not make a capital offense. You can criticize him, you can oppose
him, you can not rule his crimes, this is the first point. Second, Wu Ma son said he
was out of this idea, and he does not say so? Do not say how to do? Do you think people
are holding flags selfish selfish? Those people are really selfish on the surface that
I was self-sacrifice, I am impartial, in private is selfish, half of these people how
do you do? How do you rule? So whenever making such claims, he mostly just saying no,
people are aware that it will call the dog does not bite, bite the dog is not called,
Wu Ma is at best a child will be called Dog chanting, he did not bite ah, the results
you killed him, focusing instead on the do not call the dog bites you keep it right
now, which is the problem. The second it, Mo is also a problem with this logic, his
logic, what is the problem? He said we have only two options, first option is called
there is a difference between the level of people to hate, to hate each other. We can
not promote hate, so we can not claim there is a difference between the level of
people, this is the logic of Mozi. But we talk about what you said and the other phase
of this evil and love of these two options is that you set, and you set that they are
mutually exclusive, you configure that only these two options, I said There is a third
option? I said there is a fourth option? I can not and do not love each other relative
to evil? So the logical premise that he has problems, logical reasoning is the premise
you can not have a problem, the premise is problematic, the conclusion behind you
again, logic relations to what is the use of it? Like clothes, you do not fasten the
first button, the back button you how deduction is wrong, you do not believe in
buttoning a shirt to see. So the logical question Mozi. In our view, there are
differences in people's love is human nature, people always love themselves a little
more than love it, love other people a little less love it, put it the same for each
person. You as a ethicists, sociologists, you solve the ethical, social problems, you
can not ignore the human nature, people of common sense, so this is the problem of
Mozi.
(voice-over: the Yi Zhongtian, Professor Wu Ma Zi Mo seems the debate although
emphatic, but Mohist will get more love, it is human nature, namely, that since the
Mohist >
But through this story we find the issue of Confucianism is Wu Ma son said the
sentence. Is Wu Ma son that I love myself more than love their parents, lan said that
this would not Confucian ah, because Confucianism is filial word at the head of filial
piety Well, and even advocated Filial Well, filial piety is the first love their
parents do, the Confucian how people may say that I love more than love of their
parents? So lan to guess that this period must be compiled out of Mohist, compiled from
the head after the deduction to the Confucian Shi Penzai of. I also think that this
passage is unlikely, then the students of Confucius, is Mohist compiled, but compiled
was justified. The truth is that this logic is that you launch it, my neighbors who
love the country far more than love, love their neighbors more than love, love their
home more than love, love family, love of fellow than the, love their parents more than
love of family, of course, love their parents more than love, how to get to this place
you do not go to push? The logic chain in this place. The Confucian most of this love
Why can not explain more than the parents say love Love all, your basis in the wrong?
You say you love a child more than all the others it is nature, not the nature of
filial piety, ah, how can you? And he has a not withstand scrutiny, how can you say
that their parents love them more than his father to love his mother, then what? The
ancient Chinese ritual law is the requirement of filial piety to his father is greater
than the love of his mother ah. But the truth is the opposite, in fact, the history of
China is the Chinese people love the mother. You see our mother praised the number of
Chinese literature: the hands of a loving mother line, wandering clothing; been sung,
Is from our natural feelings, the Chinese favorite is the mother, we will put the
Yellow River is called the mother river,cheap UGG boots, the Yangtze River called the
Mother River, to his school called his alma mater, the school has Jiaodie it? So you
observe the provisions of mourning his father three years, the mother of the year, that
you are mourning the death of his father Buneng hem, hem mother's death can be, Where
are you from this truth? What makes you say that? Do not know, inexplicable ah. So I
said of course the story of Mozi real or compiled out, he is a foot in the Confucian
idea of child is brutal. Of course, I am afraid this is just one of the reasons Mexico
approved Mencius, Mencius criticized Mohist fact there is a deeper reason, then the
reason is it? We next revisit.
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